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England - Carlisle Castle

Located at the western end of the last wall of defense), as great a height
Stanegate, the Roman roadway that crossed as was practicable in the form of a tower
northern England, the Cumbrian city of and in it was built the castle keep,
Carlisle has long been valued for its itself the living quarters, etc.A single
strategic value. In 1092, some 500 years gateway breached the wall's southern
after the Romans abandoned the post, the side, so visitors from the city could
Normans established themselves at the enter the castle. All in all, Carlisle
site, which had been in Scottish hands is an outstanding example of a
since 1068. Recognizing the potency of stone-enclosure castle. As early as the
the location - Scotland is a mere 10 12th century, Henry I began strengthening
miles away and the site stands on a bluff Carlisle Castle in stone and enclosing
overlooking the River Eden - Carlisle was the city with masonry walls. He probably
deemed the ideal place to erect a started work on the castle's oldest
castle.In the Middle Ages, Carlisle surviving structure, the Great Keep, in
became a key forward outpost for about 1122, but it was his successors who
England's monarchs during their long actually completed the massive stone
struggle against the Scots when the rectangle. In its heyday the keep stood
castle changed hands repeatedly from the over 65 feet high. During the 18th
12th to the 18th century.. The Scottish century Jacobite Rising - an abortive
King David I first took the castle in attempt to place Bonnie Prince Charlie on
1136, but lost it to Henry II. the British throne - a first floor
Alexander, King of the Scots, took it chamber served as a prison. Jacobite
again in 1216 but lost it to Edward I of prisoners licked the stones of their
England who later staged his invasion of cells, which were reputedly a source of
southern Scotland from the castle. moisture, to quench their thirst.Besides
Bonnie Prince Charlie was the last Scot the Great Keep, the inner guardhouse
to successfully take the castle, in a six (known as the Captain's Tower), remnants
day battle, but soon thereafter lost it of the royal apartments and other
again to the Duke of Cumberland.Later, domestic buildings survive from the
the castle became a depot for arms and medieval period. Queen Mary'' Tower,
ammunition and a barracks for the named for its most famous prisoner, Mary,
military, which remained there throughout Queen of Scots, dates to the 14th
the Second World War. Even though century. It now holds the museum of the
extensive modifications over the King's Own Royal Border Regiment.During
centuries have transformed the original the 1540s, Henry VIII initiated the first
stronghold into a powerful artillery of several major modernization projects
fortress, the layout of the castle to refit the castle for artillery. Over
remains true to its medieval origins. A the course of the next 350 years, the
masonry cross-wall and ditch separate the ongoing presence of the army and the
site into inner and outer baileys and a castle's continued use as a military
stone curtain wall frames the entire depot and armory forced further
complex.A bailey is an enclosed alterations to the structure, as weapons
courtyard, typically surrounded by a technology evolved and the fortifications
wooden fence, earthen or stone wall and decayed.Today the castle no longer fears
overlooked by the motte. A castle could the impact of battle and aging on its
have more than one bailey, sometimes an battlements. The sturdy red walls, which
inner surrounded by a lesser wall and an starkly contrast with the green fields at
outer surrounded by a strong wall. The their base, stand as an everlasting
motte was a mound built in the center of reminder of the turmoil that plagued the
the bailey with very thick walls (the borderland between England and Scotland.




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